Efectos de la programación perinatal sobre el comportamiento alimentario
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https://doi.org/10.32870/jbf.v4i8.67Palabras clave:
comportamiento alimentario, programación perinatal, hiperfagia, dieta, obesidadResumen
Para hacer frente a la creciente prevalencia de la obesidad y sus consecuencias metabólicas es necesario comprender el origen evolutivo de la salud y la enfermedad. La evidencia actual atribuye la prevalencia de obesidad a factores ambientales, como la dieta occidental y estilos de vida poco saludables; no obstante, en esta revisión se argumenta que la exposición a condiciones adversas durante etapas tempranas de la vida afecta el estado de salud durante la vida adulta. Se ha propuesto que condiciones adversas durante la gestación llevan a una serie de modificaciones fisiológicas adaptativas que garantizan la supervivencia del feto, pero incrementan el riesgo de presentar enfermedades crónicas durante la adultez. Además de las alteraciones estructurales y funcionales en los organismos, se han evidenciado cambios en la conducta alimentaria, los cuales se han relacionado con la presencia de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo presentar la evidencia que se ha generado a lo largo del último medio siglo con respecto al efecto de las alteraciones durante la vida intrauterina sobre la conducta alimentaria como parte de la teoría de la programación perinatal.
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