Inflammation as a modulator of eating behavior during illness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/jbf.v4i8.76Keywords:
inflammation, sickness behavior, cytokines, eating behaviorAbstract
The inflammatory response is a fundamental immunological phenomenon that occurs after infection or damage signals in an individual’s organism. This process is mediated by multiple cytokines, molecules that are pleiotropic, and do not only coordinate immune responses but also influence crucial neural functions that modulate behavior. The behavioral changes associated with inflammation are collectively referred to as “sickness behavior”. It represents an adaptive and homeostatic response to the environment and includes symptoms such as lethargy, changes in motivation and emotions, and even social withdrawal. Alterations in eating behavior range from changes in appetite and pleasure associated with food intake, to sensory disturbances. Both acute and chronic inflammation can lead to severe complications such as malnutrition, increased incidence of diseases and in severe cases, death. This review presents both basic and clinical evidence on how sickness behavior, in conjunction with the inflammatory response, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis; the mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators modulate eating behavior are also analyzed.
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