Procedimientos estéticos no quirúrgicos y comportamiento alimentario: Una revisión de los cambios motivacionales y dietéticos asociados a la imagen corporal
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https://doi.org/10.32870/jbf.v5i10.112Palabras clave:
conducta alimentaria, procedimientos estéticos no quirúrgicos, imagen corporal, dismorfia corporal, alimentación intuitivaResumen
Los procedimientos estéticos no quirúrgicos se han expandido de forma sostenida y plantean preguntas relevantes sobre sus vínculos con la conducta alimentaria. Esta revisión narrativa sintetiza evidencia de PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science (2014–2025) para examinar cómo los cambios en la imagen corporal posteriores al procedimiento se relacionan con la motivación dietética, los estilos de alimentación y el riesgo de psicopatología alimentaria. Los datos empíricos directos sobre modificaciones dietéticas tras el tratamiento son limitados, en parte porque los ensayos de contorno corporal suelen neutralizar la dieta para aislar los efectos del dispositivo y los estudios faciales priorizan desenlaces autorreportados como calidad de vida e imagen corporal. No obstante, hallazgos convergentes indican que la insatisfacción corporal y la exposición intensa a redes sociales se asocian con mayor desregulación alimentaria, mientras que la flexibilidad de la imagen corporal y la alimentación intuitiva se relacionan con mayor bienestar y menos conductas de riesgo. Proponemos dos trayectorias plausibles tras el tratamiento: ajustes nutricionales sostenibles en personas que consolidan una imagen corporal más positiva, y patrones restrictivos o compensatorios en quienes presentan insatisfacción corporal persistente o rasgos dismórficos. En la práctica clínica, se recomienda un tamizaje breve y validado de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y trastorno dismórfico corporal, junto con valoración y consejería nutricional peri-procedimiento. Se describen brechas y una agenda de investigación, priorizando cohortes pre–pos con seguimiento, desenlaces dietéticos estandarizados y medición del contexto sociocultural para estimar con mayor precisión la magnitud y dirección del cambio.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Jose Luis Fregoso Sandoval, Jose Roberto Espinoza Villegas, Jassive Sanchez Tovar
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