Modelos primatológicos para la nutrición humana: Aprendizajes desde la ecología alimentaria de los monos aulladores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/jbf.v5i9.105Palabras clave:
Ecología nutricional, Primates no humanos, Transición alimentaria, Conservación bioculturalResumen
En un escenario global caracterizado por la pérdida de diversidad alimentaria y el incremento de enfermedades metabólicas, surge la necesidad de repensar las bases biológicas y evolutivas de la alimentación humana. La antropología nutricional integra modelos comparativos con primates no humanos para entender cómo se regulan los patrones dietarios en contextos ambientales diversos. Desde esta perspectiva, proponemos que primates como los monos aulladores (Alouatta spp.) podrían significar modelos pertinentes para comprender estrategias de resiliencia nutricional en humanos. A través de un análisis sobre ecología alimentaria, composición nutricional de la dieta, consumo de compuestos secundarios y adaptaciones fisiológicas, argumentamos que la flexibilidad trófica de los monos aulladores refleja principios adaptativos similares al de los humanos, incluyendo el apalancamiento proteico, la priorización de recursos funcionales y la resiliencia frente a entornos alimentarios limitados. Este enfoque comparativo busca enriquecer la comprensión de algunos procesos de transición alimentaria y nutricional en poblaciones humanas, especialmente en comunidades rurales o en riesgo de homogeneización alimentaria como ha sido documentado en estudios recientes sobre la dieta tradicional mexicana. Finalmente, abogamos por una mayor articulación entre la primatología, la ecología nutricional y la antropología nutricional para generar marcos interdisciplinarios basados en la investigación y que orienten las políticas alimentarias.
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